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Indian rolling (or Injun rollin')〔Nieves, Evelyn. ''(In Navajo country, racism rides again. )'' salon.com 2 September 2006.〕〔Donaldson, Lisa Weber. ''"Indian rolling": White violence against Native Americans in Farmington, New Mexico.'' Dissertation (Publication 3220935). University of New Mexico, 2006.〕 is the assault, and in some cases murder, of Navajo and Apache, often of homeless individuals,〔Linthicum, Leslie. (''Dirty Secrets Emerge After 'Indian Rolling'.'' ) Albuquerque Journal. 19 July 2009. Accessed 2011-03-26.〕 committed by non-Indians in the Southwestern United States, particularly in the border towns surrounding the Navajo Nation and Jicarilla lands. The term is a euphemism alluding to the practice of throwing — or "rolling"— the victims' bodies off a cliff after the attack. In her 2006 dissertation, Lisa Donaldson classifies ''Indian rolling'' as a "thrill-seeking hate crime" and traces its roots to the colonization of the Southwest which created a "power differential between groups that led to negative feelings toward minorities among law enforcement and local citizens".〔 The assaults, which often target alcoholic men who are comparatively defenseless, are variously described as representing "rites of passage",〔 "sport,"〔Linthicum, Leslie. ''(Farmington Struggles With Civil Rights Issues. )'' Albuquerque Journal. 1 May 2004. Accessed 2011-03-26.〕 and a "recreational pastime"〔 to the perpetrators. Survivors report the act involves being assaulted with rocks, pellet guns, bottles, eggs, and baseball bats. Victims claim, furthermore, that law enforcement officials often refuse to intervene.〔Banish, Laura. ''Homeless: ‘Indian rolling’ still takes place today.'' The Daily Times. Farmington. 23 April 2004.〕 The term first came to public notoriety in the spring of 1974 when three Navajos were beaten and murdered〔 by white teenagers in the city of Farmington, New Mexico, and their mutilated bodies were subsequently found in a nearby canyon.〔 The perpetrators were not convicted of murder but were sent to a reform school. Protests by tribal members against this apparent injustice turned into riots when permits to march peacefully were revoked or not granted.〔(Research Report: Navajo Community and Farmington, New Mexico (2006). ) The Pluralism Project at Harvard University. Accessed 2011-03-26.〕 The incident triggered a report by the New Mexico Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights and inspired the true crime-novel ''The Broken Circle—A True Story of Murder and Magic in Indian Country'' by Rodney Barker.〔〔Barker, Rodney. ''The Broken Circle—A True Story of Murder and Magic in Indian Country.'' Simon & Schuster. New York: 1992.〕 Concerns about the practice's revival emerged in the 2000s after a resurgence of attacks against Native Americans in the area.〔〔Draper, Electa. ''Attacks recall racist history of N.M. town.'' Denver Post. 13 July 2006.〕 Assaults have allegedly taken place in Flagstaff, Phoenix, Page and Gallup.〔Linthicum, Leslie. (''Dirty Secrets Emerge After 'Indian Rolling'.'' ) Albuquerque Journal. 19 July 2009. Accessed 2011-03-26.〕 ==See also== *Hate crime *Lynching *Saskatoon freezing deaths *Starlight tours 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Indian rolling」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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